Origins and the Tekke Heritage
The Bokhara design originated from the Tekke tribe of Central Asia, specifically from the historic trading city of Bukhara. Tekke was a tribe from the area of Bokhara in Central Asia, with designs dominated by rows of guls and surrounding geometric patterns. The Tekke tribe is also thought to have incorporated some design aspects of the Salor tribe, also from the area of Bokhara in Central Asia, creating the sophisticated pattern system we recognize today.
Distinctive Gul Patterns and Design Elements
Bokhara patterns usually feature at least one row of symmetrical octagons with a smaller diamond or smaller octagon shape within each border, with floral patterns filling the interiors of these shapes. The octagonal motifs are also known as an elephant's foot and usually come in dark blue, brown, black or ivory accents. The Tekke gul design can often feature a distinctive windowpane pattern where the guls are connected to each other by very thin lines.
Color Characteristics and Visual Appeal
While the traditional deep red field is the most common background color for Bokhara rugs, these carpets also appear in other rich tones including navy blue, ivory, and burgundy. These rugs typically feature multiple rows of octagonal guls running parallel down the length of the rug, with contrasting accents that highlight the intricate geometric patterns of these rugs.
Modern Production and Regional Variations
Today, Bokhara-style rugs are produced in multiple regions. The term "Pakistani Bokhara" is used to describe modern Tekke-faced rugs made in Pakistan, which are among the most popular handmade rugs in the world, using a combination of New Zealand worsted wool and local Pakistani wool on a cotton base. Although many surrounding regions craft Bokhara rugs, the most popular and luxurious ones come from Pakistan, though today, Bokhara rugs are also crafted in Afghanistan and Turkey.
FAQ Section
What is the difference between antique Tekke and modern Bokhara rugs?
Antique Tekke rugs represent the original tribal weaving tradition from Central Asia, featuring the authentic gul patterns of the Tekke tribe. Modern Bokhara rugs, particularly Pakistani Bokharas, use the same design elements but are produced with contemporary materials and techniques. The Tekke pattern can be found incorporated into many of the rugs from India and Pakistan, but is often modified and combined with other Turkmen design elements.
What are the characteristic features of authentic Bokhara patterns?
Bokhara rugs are usually defined by their symmetrical patterns adorning the rug with diamond-shaped or oval motifs that repeat. The most distinctive feature is the octagonal gul pattern, often called "elephant's foot," arranged in systematic rows across a deep red field. Royal or non-prayer rugs are known for their windowpane motif, which features multiple rows of elongated renditions of octagons joined together horizontally and vertically with lines.
Why are Pakistani Bokhara rugs so popular today?
Pakistani Bokhara rugs are among the most popular handmade rugs in the world due to their combination of traditional design with modern quality construction. What makes Bokhara rugs so much preferred is their extremely soft pile, achieved through the use of high-quality wool blends that provide both beauty and durability.
What do the gul patterns symbolize in Bokhara rugs?
At the heart of a Tekke or Bokhara rug lies a meticulously crafted central field, adorned with rows of guls (tribal crests) and a mesmerizing array of geometric patterns. The guls serve as tribal identification markers, with each pattern originally representing specific tribal heritage and cultural significance from the Central Asian Turkmen traditions.
How can I identify quality in a Bokhara rug?
Look for clear definition in the octagonal gul patterns, consistent symmetry in the design layout, and proper color balance between the red field and contrasting accents. Tekke rugs are woven on wool foundations and tied with Persian knots and are some of the best quality. Quality examples will show precise geometric execution, lustrous wool, and the characteristic windowpane effect that connects the gul motifs across the field.
